Hexo部署阿里云【Ubuntu22.04.1】

部署环境与准备

1.环境

本地 Windows10 操作系统

阿里云 Ubuntu22.04.1 服务器

2.准备
Hexo 本地博客

MobaXterm 链接到你的服务器

云服务器配置 Git

配置步骤

1.更新软件包列表
在安装 Git 之前，需要先更新 Ubuntu 软件包列表

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sudo apt update

2.安装依赖库

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sudo apt install dh-autoreconf libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev make gettext libz-dev libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev

3.配置之前请确认是否安装ssh，如果没有安装可以在终端输入

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sudo apt install openssh-server

4.查看 git 的版本

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git version

5.删除 git

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apt remove git -y

6.下载解压最新版,官方下载链接,找到对应版本下载即可

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cd /usr/local/src #下载的目录
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.41.0.tar.gz #下载最新版
tar -zxvf git-2.41.0.tar.gz #解压到当前文件夹

7.编辑并安装

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cd git-2.41.0    #进入文件夹
make prefix=/usr/local/git all    #编译源码
make prefix=/usr/local/git install    #安装路径

8.查看版本号

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git --version

9.创建 git 用户并且修改权限

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adduser yulium
passwd yulium
chmod 740 /etc/sudoers 
vim /etc/sudoers root

找到root ALL=(ALL) ALL，在它下方加入一行
root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL
yulium     ALL=(ALL)       ALL

10.本地 windows10 使用 Gitbash 创建密钥

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ssh-keygen -t rsa

然后一直回车即可，别管要求输入啥就行

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User@yulium MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/User/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/User/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/User/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:EBUfJaetn8+5GIcal1e6zhcOdNiEkRRPzwj0ynGmcKA User@yulium
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|      ..o.+o*+=. |
|       . o B =o+.|
|      . E + + O.o|
|       .   = O o |
|        S . = . .|
|           . = + |
|          . B * .|
|           + O +.|
|          . ..Oo |
+----[SHA256]-----+

11.将本地创建 id_rsa.pub 中文件复制
切换到Ubuntn

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su yulium
mkdir ~/.ssh
vim ~/.ssh/authorized_keys # 查看是否有authorized_keys文件，如果没有则用以下命令创建一个

12.本地测试

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ssh -v yulium@服务器ip

出现 Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !则代表部署成功

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......
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.


Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !

云服务器网站配置

1.创建网站目录并且设置权限

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su root
mkdir /home/hexo
chown yulium:yulium -R /home/hexo

2.安装 Nginx

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apt install -y nginx
systemctl start nginx.service    #启动服务

3.查看nginx状态

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service nginx status
# 或者
sudo systemctl start nginx.service

4.停止nginx服务

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service nginx stop
# 或者
sudo systemctl stop nginx.service

5.重启nginx服务

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service nginx restart
# 或者
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service

6.修改 Nginx 配置文件

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vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

原来的文件

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##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
	listen 80 default_server;
	listen [::]:80 default_server;

	# SSL configuration
	#
	# listen 443 ssl default_server;
	# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
	#
	# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
	#
	# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
	#
	# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
	# Don't use them in a production server!
	#
	# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

	root /var/www/html;

	# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
	index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

	server_name _;

	location / {
		# First attempt to serve request as file, then
		# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
	}

	# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
	#
	#location ~ \.php$ {
	#	include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
	#
	#	# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
	#	# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
	#}

	# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
	# concurs with nginx's one
	#
	#location ~ /\.ht {
	#	deny all;
	#}
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#	listen 80;
#	listen [::]:80;
#
#	server_name example.com;
#
#	root /var/www/example.com;
#	index index.html;
#
#	location / {
#		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#	}
#}

修改后

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root         /home/hexo;      #第41行修改, 网站目录
server_name  xxxxx;           #第46行修改, 域名或ip地址

7.重启服务器

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service nginx restart
# 或者
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service

8.建立 git 仓库

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su root
cd /home/yulium
git init --bare blog.git
chown yulium:yulium -R blog.git

9.同步网站根目录

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vim blog.git/hooks/post-receive

#添加以下内容
#!/bin/sh
git --work-tree=/home/hexo --git-dir=/home/yulium/blog.git checkout -f

10.修改权限

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chmod +x /home/yulium/blog.git/hooks/post-receive

11.在 windows10 本地 hexo 目录修改_config.yml 文件

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deploy:
  type: git
  repository: yulium@xxxxx:/home/yulium/blog.git #用户名@服务器Ip:git仓库位置
  branch: master

12.在本机 gitbash 部署

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hexo cl && hexo g && hexo d

常见报错

  1. git-upload-pack: 未找到命令
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    bash: git-upload-pack: command not found
    fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
    解决方法
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    sudo ln -s  /usr/local/git/bin/git-upload-pack  /usr/bin/git-upload-pack
  2. git-receive-pack: 未找到命令
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    bash: git-receive-pack: command not found
    fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
    解决方法
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    sudo ln -s /usr/local/git/bin/git-receive-pack  /usr/bin/git-receive-pack
  3. 无法远程连接获取
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    fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
    解决方法
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    重试或者 删掉本地ssh公钥重新上传至服务器
  4. key 出错
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    Host key verification failed.
    解决方法
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    ssh-keygen -R 你要访问的IP地址
  5. 部署时找不到git
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    ERROR Deployer not found: git
    解决方法
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    npm install hexo-deployer-git --save

    然后在使用Hexo d命令就可以推送了